癌症思辨:癌症研究中的悖论
癌症思辨:癌症研究中的悖论
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在谈问癌色变的时代，想要走出癌症治疗的瓶颈，必先知己知彼，方能柳暗花明。
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|
|
启动大脑思辨，突破现有框架，来一场学术激战，为癌症研究指明方向，带来希望。 |
|
●在谈问癌色变的时代，想要走出癌症治疗的瓶颈，必先知己知彼，方能柳暗花明。 |
前言i
致谢iv
序言v
第1章引言：为何此时以及为何围绕癌症展开思辨
1.1癌症研究的进展
1.2癌症研究面临的挑战
1.3提出尖锐问题
1.4新的概念规范
1.5主要内容
第2章癌症的基因突变理论
2.1概述
2.2简史：历史性展望
2.2.1第1类：癌症基因的识别与表征以及证明基因突变是致癌作用的基础
亨利·衡博士撰写的“癌症思辨”一书从癌症研究中的悖论提出了癌症研究中存在的问题。针对恶性肿瘤已成为影响人类健康的一个顽疾，不易早期发现，已有的治疗手段难以获得满意的效果，社会的危害性极大。特别是针对癌症临床和基础研究中已形成的固定思维方式及采取的手段提出了新的观察与思考并提供了详实的数据资料插图，以癌症研究驳论的话题展示给读者。
衡博士在“癌症思辨”一书中阐述了人类研究癌症的简史，从癌细胞起源于体细胞染色体核型异常到针对基因突变的序贯性累积和癌症基因变异图谱构建给我们展示了人类在癌症研究中获得的知识并进行了系统的分析，但同时也指出这一盲人摸象式的研究模式的局限性。重点分析了过去40多年人们在癌症分子标志研究中的问题，指出我们通常的做法是先假定关键基因可能是癌基因，如果不是就鉴定抑癌基因，再不是就分析表观遗传；先聚焦编码基因，不行就关注非编码。这一研究策略的核心思想就是把癌症简化到少数可重复的特定分子变化上，不断地积累资料并在这一研究模式强大惯性的推动下导致数量巨大的相似性研究报告的产出。但是这些研究结果对癌症的有效防治的指导作用是极其有限的。
衡博士在书中用大量的实验证据阐述了癌症是一类遗传变异与环境交互作用的系统性疾病，主要的临床问题是癌症的侵袭转移和对现有治疗手段的抵抗，这一表现是由癌症的异质性和动态演变决定的；强调癌症的演变属于间断性和高度动态化的过程。这与近年来受到本领域关注的新的理论假说：包括癌症可能是一类慢性非可控性炎症或代谢性炎症、是一类局部表现为异常增殖的全身代谢障碍综合症，例如以有氧酵解代谢葡萄糖而获取能量；肿瘤也表现为一种不能愈合的创面，使某一类细胞或组织长期处于死亡与增殖的非平衡状态；可能是一种具有特殊功能的组织或器官及细胞社团群体；更有学者认为也可能是人类生命进化过程中的遗产；也可能是一个新的物种。这些学术观点和科学假说，目前还缺少系统的实验资料和充足的实验研究证据，但是，这些观点也是在长期的研究中，人们针对主流的癌症科学假设驱动的各项研究工作中发现并提出的，随着各项研究工作的深入，特别是基因组学、蛋白质组学、系统生物学和精准医学研究的发展，人类将会对细胞癌变和肿瘤发生发展的规律有更全面的认知，从而推动临床诊疗理念、方案和技术的进步。
Shipping Overview:
• Shipping: Standard Domestic Shipping within the United States charges USD 4.99. Standard International Shipping from United Kingdom and Germany to the United States charges 14.99.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
|
在谈问癌色变的时代，想要走出癌症治疗的瓶颈，必先知己知彼，方能柳暗花明。
|
|
|
|
启动大脑思辨，突破现有框架，来一场学术激战，为癌症研究指明方向，带来希望。 |
|
●在谈问癌色变的时代，想要走出癌症治疗的瓶颈，必先知己知彼，方能柳暗花明。 |
前言i
致谢iv
序言v
第1章引言：为何此时以及为何围绕癌症展开思辨
1.1癌症研究的进展
1.2癌症研究面临的挑战
1.3提出尖锐问题
1.4新的概念规范
1.5主要内容
第2章癌症的基因突变理论
2.1概述
2.2简史：历史性展望
2.2.1第1类：癌症基因的识别与表征以及证明基因突变是致癌作用的基础
亨利·衡博士撰写的“癌症思辨”一书从癌症研究中的悖论提出了癌症研究中存在的问题。针对恶性肿瘤已成为影响人类健康的一个顽疾，不易早期发现，已有的治疗手段难以获得满意的效果，社会的危害性极大。特别是针对癌症临床和基础研究中已形成的固定思维方式及采取的手段提出了新的观察与思考并提供了详实的数据资料插图，以癌症研究驳论的话题展示给读者。
衡博士在“癌症思辨”一书中阐述了人类研究癌症的简史，从癌细胞起源于体细胞染色体核型异常到针对基因突变的序贯性累积和癌症基因变异图谱构建给我们展示了人类在癌症研究中获得的知识并进行了系统的分析，但同时也指出这一盲人摸象式的研究模式的局限性。重点分析了过去40多年人们在癌症分子标志研究中的问题，指出我们通常的做法是先假定关键基因可能是癌基因，如果不是就鉴定抑癌基因，再不是就分析表观遗传；先聚焦编码基因，不行就关注非编码。这一研究策略的核心思想就是把癌症简化到少数可重复的特定分子变化上，不断地积累资料并在这一研究模式强大惯性的推动下导致数量巨大的相似性研究报告的产出。但是这些研究结果对癌症的有效防治的指导作用是极其有限的。
衡博士在书中用大量的实验证据阐述了癌症是一类遗传变异与环境交互作用的系统性疾病，主要的临床问题是癌症的侵袭转移和对现有治疗手段的抵抗，这一表现是由癌症的异质性和动态演变决定的；强调癌症的演变属于间断性和高度动态化的过程。这与近年来受到本领域关注的新的理论假说：包括癌症可能是一类慢性非可控性炎症或代谢性炎症、是一类局部表现为异常增殖的全身代谢障碍综合症，例如以有氧酵解代谢葡萄糖而获取能量；肿瘤也表现为一种不能愈合的创面，使某一类细胞或组织长期处于死亡与增殖的非平衡状态；可能是一种具有特殊功能的组织或器官及细胞社团群体；更有学者认为也可能是人类生命进化过程中的遗产；也可能是一个新的物种。这些学术观点和科学假说，目前还缺少系统的实验资料和充足的实验研究证据，但是，这些观点也是在长期的研究中，人们针对主流的癌症科学假设驱动的各项研究工作中发现并提出的，随着各项研究工作的深入，特别是基因组学、蛋白质组学、系统生物学和精准医学研究的发展，人类将会对细胞癌变和肿瘤发生发展的规律有更全面的认知，从而推动临床诊疗理念、方案和技术的进步。
Shipping Overview:
• Shipping: Standard Domestic Shipping within the United States charges USD 4.99. Standard International Shipping from United Kingdom and Germany to the United States charges 14.99.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
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