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中国古建筑瓦石构造·中国古建筑营造技术丛书
$59.95
中国古建筑瓦石构造技术取得了很高的成就,展示了独树一帜的结构和造型。《中国古建筑瓦石构造·中国古建筑营造技术丛书》一书主要介绍古建筑土作、瓦作和石作的传统构造方法,包括地基、台基、墙体、各类石构件、砖石拱券结构、装饰构件、屋顶及地面等部位的式样变化、构造关系、比例尺度、规矩做法以及建筑材料等方面的内容。
本书可供古建筑设计、施工、修缮的工程技术人员和文物保护工作者、建筑院校的师生参考。
第1章 地基与基础
1.1 概述
1.2 地基
1.3 古代建筑的基础
第2章 台与台基
2.1 概述
2.2 台
2.3 台基的类型
2.4 台基的构造 1
2.5 须弥座台基
2.6 台阶
2.7 石栏杆
2.8 柱顶石与栏杆参考图例
第3章 墙壁
3.1 概述
3.2 土墙
3.3 砖墙
3.4 石墙
3.5 几种墙体的构造
3.6 南方地区墙体结构
第4章 屋顶
4.1 屋顶的式样与构造
4.2 琉璃屋脊构造
4.3 大式黑活屋脊构造
4.4 小式黑活屋脊构造
4.5 其他地域屋顶各部位参考资料
第5章 地面
5.1 概述
5.2 夯土地面
5.3 砖铺地面
5.4 石铺地面
5.5 焦渣地面和砖瓦石混合铺地
5.6 御路
第6章 砖石拱券
6.1 砖拱券
6.2 砖券结构
6.3 石拱券
第7章 砖塔
7.1 概述
7.2 砖塔的类型
7.3 塔实例
第8章 石结构建筑
8.1 概述
8.2 石桥
8.3 石牌坊
8.4 石塔
8.5 石阙
第9章 砖石建筑雕饰
9.1 石雕
9.2 砖雕
参考文献
中国古建筑博大精深,其发展历经了几千年的过程,其分布地域之广阔是任何国家所不能比拟的。中华民族祖先遗留下来的现存古建筑、古建遗址及历代古建文献是我们学习、继承中华古建筑文化宝贵的财富和依据。
古建筑涵盖了宫殿、园林、坛庙、陵墓、桥梁、石窟、牌楼、窑洞、民居等各式各样的建筑形式,古建筑的室内地面以下是台基和基础,地面以上主要以木构架为承重系统,其中屋面和油漆彩画是养眼的部分。木结构及木装修、油漆彩画都有专门的著述,本书所述的是除此之外的其他组成部分。
本书虽名为“中国古建筑瓦石构造”,但翻看各章节的内容,觉得题目有些大了。细想起来,书中所述还只是中国古建筑瓦石构造的一个局部而已,本想再伺机搜集资料、多跑跑全国各地调研以充实其内容,可需要太长的时间,所以此次书稿只能先作为一块“砖”,以后再引出“玉”吧。
《中国古建筑瓦石构造·中国古建筑营造技术丛书》一书章介绍的地基设计和基础知识,只针对中国古建筑,因其主要以柱子传递轴心压力,且多为一层,楼房也就二三层,荷载不大,故没有考虑其他受力状态的设计原理。第二章介绍的中国古建筑基址,是依据不同文献介绍的一些古建筑独立基础的做法,没有做力学方面的分析,有的桥梁、塔幢,其基础也做了柏木桩,桩上有承台,从受力的角度看,恐怕已兼有端承桩和摩擦桩两种功能了。台基、墙壁、屋顶、地面等章节大多取材于《中国古建筑瓦石营法》版中有关构造部分的内容,当然,也拓展了其他的一些资料。
编者对第六章砖石拱券的讲述内容情有独钟。1970—1973年,编者作为北京赴延安地区插队知识青年的辅导员(编者注:1970年,北京市抽派1200名干部赴延安地区,辅助当地管理北京知识青年的生产与生活),在延安市洛川县石家庄大队住了3年窑洞,其中有土窑洞,有砖窑洞,也有石窑洞。窑洞就是拱券结构,是以轴心受压为主要的受力状态。编者从教当中,有几年曾主讲过结构力学,拱券结构其合理拱轴线只有轴心受压,各断面没有剪力,也没有弯矩,结构上部只要有足够大的荷载(如陵墓宝顶上面厚厚的土层和松柏树),就会使券石挤压紧密产生较大的轴向压力,从而结构就能安全和可靠。
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