上海市细菌耐药、抗菌药物应用和医院感染监测报告（2021年度）
上海市细菌耐药、抗菌药物应用和医院感染监测报告（2021年度）
“三网联动”多学科协作督导是上海市AMS的探索试点工作，其成果自“2017年度三网年鉴”至2022年出版的“2021年度三网年鉴”，逐年展示了AMS工作的上海实践，值得收藏。
读者对象：医院管理者、医生特别是感染疾病相关的医生
内容简介<...“三网联动”多学科协作督导是上海市AMS的探索试点工作，其成果自“2017年度三网年鉴”至2022年出版的“2021年度三网年鉴”，逐年展示了AMS工作的上海实践，值得收藏。
读者对象：医院管理者、医生特别是感染疾病相关的医生
本书详尽记述了2021年上海市细菌真菌耐药监测网、上海市抗菌药物临床应用监测网以及上海市医院感染防控与监测网（简称“三网”）的监测研究成果，简称“2021年度三网年鉴”，内容包括细菌耐药监测、抗菌药物临床应用监测、医院感染监测与防控，并介绍“三网联动”综合评分标准等。2021年，上海市细菌真菌耐药监测网监测了41家三级甲等医院和26家二级医院。上海市抗菌药物临床应用监测网纳入了255家医疗机构上报的数据，包括62家三级医疗机构、62家二级医疗机构以及131家社区医疗机构，2021年数据显示上海市社区医疗机构门诊抗菌药物使用率下降，但整体抗菌药物使用强度有明显上升，可能与新冠肺炎疫情有关。上海市医院感染防控与监测网监测数据显示，2021年上海市3个导管相关感染（CLABSI、CAUTI及VAP）的发生率较2020年均有所下降，血液标本送检率及手卫生依从性上升，医院感染现患率近年来稳步下降。本书呈现了以上主要内容的医疗数据，内容翔实、可靠，反映了上海的细菌耐药、抗菌药物应用、医院感染防控与监测等情况，可供相关临床、科研等人员参考。
衣承东、王明贵为本书共同主编。衣承东，研究生学历，博士学位，现任上海市卫生健康委一级巡视员；王明贵，主任医师，医学博士学位，美国哈佛医学院博士后，1995年以来一直在复旦大学附属华山医院工作，现任复旦大学附属华山医院抗生素研究所所长。
一、 材料与方法 / 04
（一） 材料 / 04
（二） 方法 / 04
二、 结果 / 06
（一） 细菌分布 / 06
（二） 耐药菌检出率 / 07
（三） 革兰阳性球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性 / 08
（四） 革兰阴性杆菌对抗菌药物的敏感性 / 13
三、 讨论 / 20
四、 资讯分享： 耐药监测数据在线平台CHINET数据云 / 22
第二篇 抗菌药物临床应用监测报告 / 27
一、 2021年上海市三级医疗机构抗菌药物临床使用数据 / 30
（一） 资料与方法 / 30
上海于2017年成立"上海市卫生计生委抗菌药物临床应用与管理专家委员会"（以下简称"专委会"，专委会于2019年6月更名为上海市卫生健康委员会抗菌药物临床应用与管理专家委员会），旨在发挥上海市细菌感染诊疗相关临床科室、临床微生物、临床药学、医院感染防控、行政管理等多部门、多学科专家的优势，提高抗菌药物临床应用水平，加强医疗机构抗菌药物临床应用管理，保障医疗质量和医疗安全。
Shipping Overview:
• Shipping: Standard Domestic Shipping within the United States charges USD 4.99. Standard International Shipping from United Kingdom, Germany and Japan to the United States charges 14.99.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
“三网联动”多学科协作督导是上海市AMS的探索试点工作，其成果自“2017年度三网年鉴”至2022年出版的“2021年度三网年鉴”，逐年展示了AMS工作的上海实践，值得收藏。
读者对象：医院管理者、医生特别是感染疾病相关的医生
本书详尽记述了2021年上海市细菌真菌耐药监测网、上海市抗菌药物临床应用监测网以及上海市医院感染防控与监测网（简称“三网”）的监测研究成果，简称“2021年度三网年鉴”，内容包括细菌耐药监测、抗菌药物临床应用监测、医院感染监测与防控，并介绍“三网联动”综合评分标准等。2021年，上海市细菌真菌耐药监测网监测了41家三级甲等医院和26家二级医院。上海市抗菌药物临床应用监测网纳入了255家医疗机构上报的数据，包括62家三级医疗机构、62家二级医疗机构以及131家社区医疗机构，2021年数据显示上海市社区医疗机构门诊抗菌药物使用率下降，但整体抗菌药物使用强度有明显上升，可能与新冠肺炎疫情有关。上海市医院感染防控与监测网监测数据显示，2021年上海市3个导管相关感染（CLABSI、CAUTI及VAP）的发生率较2020年均有所下降，血液标本送检率及手卫生依从性上升，医院感染现患率近年来稳步下降。本书呈现了以上主要内容的医疗数据，内容翔实、可靠，反映了上海的细菌耐药、抗菌药物应用、医院感染防控与监测等情况，可供相关临床、科研等人员参考。
衣承东、王明贵为本书共同主编。衣承东，研究生学历，博士学位，现任上海市卫生健康委一级巡视员；王明贵，主任医师，医学博士学位，美国哈佛医学院博士后，1995年以来一直在复旦大学附属华山医院工作，现任复旦大学附属华山医院抗生素研究所所长。
一、 材料与方法 / 04
（一） 材料 / 04
（二） 方法 / 04
二、 结果 / 06
（一） 细菌分布 / 06
（二） 耐药菌检出率 / 07
（三） 革兰阳性球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性 / 08
（四） 革兰阴性杆菌对抗菌药物的敏感性 / 13
三、 讨论 / 20
四、 资讯分享： 耐药监测数据在线平台CHINET数据云 / 22
第二篇 抗菌药物临床应用监测报告 / 27
一、 2021年上海市三级医疗机构抗菌药物临床使用数据 / 30
（一） 资料与方法 / 30
上海于2017年成立"上海市卫生计生委抗菌药物临床应用与管理专家委员会"（以下简称"专委会"，专委会于2019年6月更名为上海市卫生健康委员会抗菌药物临床应用与管理专家委员会），旨在发挥上海市细菌感染诊疗相关临床科室、临床微生物、临床药学、医院感染防控、行政管理等多部门、多学科专家的优势，提高抗菌药物临床应用水平，加强医疗机构抗菌药物临床应用管理，保障医疗质量和医疗安全。
Shipping Overview:
• Shipping: Standard Domestic Shipping within the United States charges USD 4.99. Standard International Shipping from United Kingdom, Germany and Japan to the United States charges 14.99.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
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